The EU Artificial Intelligence Act: Regulatory Framework and Implementation Challenges

Ćeranić Perišić, Jelena (2026) The EU Artificial Intelligence Act: Regulatory Framework and Implementation Challenges. In: Zbornik radova "Pravo: uzrok ili posljedica". Pravni fakultet, Istočno Sarajevo, pp. 335-351. ISBN 978-99997-47-08-0

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Abstract

The Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) entering into force on 1 August 2024, represents the European Union’s first comprehensive regulatory framework governing artificial intelligence (AI). Based on a risk-based approach, the AI Act seeks to ensure that AI systems developed and applied within the European Union are safe, trustworthy, and consistent with the protection of fundamental rights. At the same time, its adoption has generated significant debate regarding its potential impact on innovation, technological development, and the competitiveness of the European Union in the global market, particularly in relation to the United States and China. Following introductory observations on the need to regulate the development and application of artificial intelligence in general, the paper examines the principal objectives and regulatory mechanisms established by the AI Act, with particular emphasis on high-risk AI systems. It then analyzes the protection of fundamental rights under the AI Act. Finally, the paper examines concerns regarding so-called overregulation under the AI Act and its possible implications for the European Union’s competitiveness in the global artificial intelligence ecosystem.

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