Justice under siege: Cyber threats and the malicious use of ai in the judiciary

Matić Bošković, Marina and Kostić, Jelena (2026) Justice under siege: Cyber threats and the malicious use of ai in the judiciary. Srpska politička misao, 95 (1). pp. 1-20. ISSN 0354-5989

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Abstract

As judicial systems increasingly integrate digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI), they become more efficient yet highly vulnerable to cyber threats and AI-driven manipulations. This paper examines the growing risks of cyberattacks targeting the judiciary, as well as the malicious use of AI in legal proceedings, both of which pose severe threats to judicial integrity, fairness, public trust, and the broader judicial policy framework. The article explores key cybersecurity vulnerabilities, including ransomware attacks on court databases, AI-powered deepfake evidence manipulation, algorithmic bias in automated decision-making, and AI-driven misinformation campaigns. The weaponisation of AI in legal contexts, through fraudulent case manipulation, automated hacking, and digital surveillance, raises profound concerns about due process, judicial independence, and access to justice. These challenges directly affect judicial policy, as they demand new safeguards and adaptive governance models capable of preserving impartiality and accountability in an increasingly digital justice environment. By analysing real-world incidents and international regulatory approaches, this paper outlines strategies for strengthening judicial cybersecurity and safeguarding AI applications. Recommendations include enhanced digital forensics, AI transparency requirements, independent auditing mechanisms, and cross-border legal cooperation to combat cyber threats and AI misuse in the judiciary. Crucially, these measures must be integrated into judicial policy at national and supranational levels to ensure the resilience of reforms. As courts continue to embrace digital transformation, a proactive and resilient security framework is essential to preserve the rule of law in an era of evolving cyber threats and AI-driven legal manipulations. This study underscores the urgent need for global legal and technological safeguards to protect justice systems from digital exploitation and AIenhanced cyberattacks.

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